What do full-load hours and operating hours mean for a cogeneration unit (BHKW)? | Electricity feeion" content="What do full-load hours and operating hours mean for a cogeneration unit (BHKW)? Operating hours determine maintenance intervals (oil change 2.000 h, spark plugs 4.000 h, major service 8.000 h) and serve as the billing basis for CHP surcharges."> <link rel="canonical" href="https://stromfee-mauritius.ai/en/glaesern/cogeneration/wizards/volllaststunden/"> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "headline": "What do full-load hours and operating hours mean for a cogeneration unit (BHKW)?", "mainEntityOfPage": "/glaesern/cogeneration/wizards/volllaststunden/", "description": "Operating hours control maintenance intervals (oil change 2.000 h, spark plugs 4.000 h, major service 8.000 h) and are the basis for billing CHP surcharges — more than 3 starts/day increases wear."}</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [{"@type": "Question", "name": "What is the difference between operating hours and full-load hours?", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "Operating hours count every period of activity of the BHKW, while full-load hours only count the time during which the system operates under a high load."}}, {"@type": "Question", "name": "Why are operating hours important for service?", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "They serve as a direct indicator of wear and determine the intervals for oil changes (2.000 h) and spark plugs (4.000 h)."}}, {"@type": "Question", "name": "From when must a major service be performed?", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "A major service is generally required after 8.000 operating hours or upon reaching specific maintenance cycles."}}, {"@type": "Question", "name": "Why are many cold starts harmful to the BHKW?", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "More than three starts per day significantly increase the mechanical and thermal wear of the components."}}, {"@type": "Question", "name": "How are CHP surcharges calculated?", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "Billing is based on the documented operating hours of the BHKW as proof of actual use."}}, {"@type": "Question", "name": "What is the value of a current measurement such as 30.624 hours?", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "This value indicates the cumulative operating time and serves as a reference point for the next maintenance planning."}}]}</script> <style>:root{--bg:#fdfcff;--bg-soft:#faf8ff;--surface:#fff;--text:#1d1d1f;--text-2:#515154;--text-3:#86868b;--border:#fed7aa;--border-soft:#efeaf8;--accent:#f97316;--accent-bright:#fdba74;--accent-dim:rgba(234,88,12,.08);--emerald:#ea580c;--font:'Inter',-apple-system,sans-serif;--mono:'JetBrains Mono',monospace;--radius:16px}*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0} body{background:var(--bg);color:var(--text);font-family:var(--font);line-height:1.6; -webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased} .wrap{max-width:1080px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 24px} header{padding:14px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-soft);background:rgba(255,255,255,.72); backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(20px);position:sticky;top:0;z-index:9} header a{color:var(--text-2);text-decoration:none;font-size:13px;margin-right:18px} header a:hover{color:var(--accent)} .hero{padding:56px 0 32px} .eyebrow{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase; color:var(--accent);margin-bottom:10px} h1{font-size:40px;letter-spacing:-.022em;line-height:1.12;margin-bottom:12px} .lead{font-size:19px;color:var(--text-2);max-width:62ch} h2{font-size:23px;letter-spacing:-.015em;margin:44px 0 6px} .sub{color:var(--text-3);font-size:14px;margin-bottom:18px} .steps{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(210px,1fr));gap:12px;margin:22px 0 8px} .step{background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:16px 18px} .step b{display:block;font-size:15px;margin-bottom:4px} .step span{font-size:13px;color:var(--text-3)} .step i{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:11px;color:var(--accent);font-style:normal} .cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(250px,1fr));gap:12px} .c{display:block;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:var(--radius); padding:16px 18px;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;transition:.16s} .c:hover{border-color:var(--accent-bright);box-shadow:0 8px 26px rgba(234,88,12,.16);transform:translateY(-2px)} .c b{display:block;font-size:15px;letter-spacing:-.01em} .c span{font-size:12.5px;color:var(--text-3);font-family:var(--mono)} .tag{display:inline-block;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:10.5px;padding:2px 7px;border-radius:6px; background:var(--accent-dim);color:var(--accent);margin-top:8px} .tag.de{background:rgba(180,83,9,.09);color:#b45309} .tag.live{background:rgba(234,88,12,.10);color:#ea580c} .note{background:var(--bg-soft);border:1px solid var(--border-soft);border-radius:var(--radius); padding:16px 18px;font-size:14px;color:var(--text-2);margin:22px 0} .note b{color:var(--text)} .nav{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin:34px 0} .nav a{font-size:13px;padding:7px 13px;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:999px; text-decoration:none;color:var(--text-2);background:var(--surface)} .nav a:hover,.nav a.on{border-color:var(--accent);color:var(--accent)} footer{margin-top:64px;padding:26px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--border-soft); font-size:13px;color:var(--text-3)} @media(max-width:640px){h1{font-size:31px}.hero{padding:36px 0 24px}} .hero-w{background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--accent),var(--accent-bright));color:#fff;padding:2.4rem 20px 3.4rem;text-align:center} .hero-w h1{font-size:2rem;margin:0;letter-spacing:-.01em}.hero-w p{opacity:.9;margin:.4rem 0 0} .step-img{width:100%;border-radius:14px;object-fit:cover;max-height:340px} .step-kicker{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.78rem;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);margin:0} .step-h{font-size:1.35rem;margin:.3rem 0 .7rem;letter-spacing:-.01em} .step-p{color:var(--text-2);line-height:1.6} .reg{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.8rem;color:var(--accent);background:var(--accent-dim);padding:.15rem .5rem;border-radius:6px} .szen{margin-top:1.2rem;background:var(--bg-soft);border:1px solid var(--border-soft);border-radius:16px;padding:1.1rem 1.2rem} .szen .mon{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.75rem;color:var(--accent);margin:0 0 .3rem} .szen-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:180px 1fr;gap:1rem;align-items:center} .szen-img{width:100%;border-radius:12px;object-fit:cover} @media(max-width:560px){.szen-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} .calcbox{margin-top:1rem;background:var(--bg-soft);border:1px solid var(--border-soft);border-radius:16px;padding:1.1rem 1.2rem} .calcbox input{width:96px;padding:.35rem .5rem;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:8px;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.95rem} #steps{display:flex;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:16px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:1.4rem;flex-wrap:wrap} .st .no{display:inline-flex;width:1.4rem;height:1.4rem;border-radius:50%;background:var(--border);color:var(--text-2);align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-size:.75rem;margin-right:.35rem} .st.on .no{background:var(--accent);color:#fff} .livebar{display:inline-flex;margin:1.2rem auto 0;padding:.5rem 1.1rem;background:rgba(255,255,255,.92);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.5);border-radius:999px;font-size:.82rem;color:var(--text-2);align-items:center;gap:.5rem;box-shadow:0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,.08)} .livedot{width:.6rem;height:.6rem;border-radius:50%;background:#ea580c;box-shadow:0 0 0 0 rgba(234,88,12,.5);animation:lp 2s infinite} @keyframes lp{0%{box-shadow:0 0 0 0 rgba(234,88,12,.4)}70%{box-shadow:0 0 0 .5rem rgba(234,88,12,0)}100%{box-shadow:0 0 0 0 rgba(234,88,12,0)}} .livekpi{background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--accent-dim),transparent);border:1px solid var(--accent-bright);border-radius:16px;padding:1.1rem 1.3rem;margin:.4rem 0 1rem} .livekpi .lv{font-size:2.2rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--accent);line-height:1;font-family:var(--mono)} .livekpi .ll{font-size:.9rem;color:var(--text-2);margin-top:.3rem} .livekpi .lts{font-size:.72rem;color:var(--text-3);font-family:var(--mono);margin-top:.4rem} .sec{max-width:1000px;margin:2.4rem auto;padding:0 20px} .sec h2{font-size:1.5rem;letter-spacing:-.01em;margin-bottom:.4rem} .sec .lead{color:var(--text-3);margin-bottom:1.2rem} .compgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:12px} .compgrid a{display:block;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:14px;overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;transition:.16s} .compgrid a:hover{border-color:var(--accent-bright);box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(234,88,12,.14);transform:translateY(-2px)} .compgrid a img{width:100%;height:118px;object-fit:cover;display:block;background:#fff7ed} .compgrid .ct{padding:12px 15px} .compgrid b{display:block;font-size:14.5px}.compgrid span{font-size:12px;color:var(--text-3);font-family:var(--mono)} .ctaband{background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--accent),var(--accent-bright));color:#fff;text-align:center;padding:2.6rem 20px;margin-top:2.4rem} .ctaband h2{font-size:1.6rem;margin-bottom:.6rem}.ctaband p{opacity:.92;max-width:60ch;margin:0 auto 1.4rem} .ctaband .btn{display:inline-block;background:#fff;color:var(--accent);font-weight:600;padding:.7rem 1.4rem;border-radius:999px;text-decoration:none;margin:.3rem} .faqsec details{background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:12px;padding:.4rem 1rem;margin-bottom:.6rem} .faqsec summary{cursor:pointer;font-weight:600;padding:.6rem 0;font-size:.98rem} .faqsec .faq-a{color:var(--text-2);padding:0 0 .8rem;line-height:1.6} .live-head{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.7rem;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:.2rem 0 1.1rem} .live-status{font-weight:800;font-size:1.05rem}.live-sub{color:var(--text-3);font-size:.82rem} .kpis{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:.7rem} .kpi{background:linear-gradient(180deg,#fff,var(--bg-soft));border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:15px;padding:.85rem .95rem} .kpi .kl{font-size:.72rem;letter-spacing:.03em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--text-3);font-weight:700} .kpi .kval{font-family:var(--mono);font-weight:700;font-size:1.4rem;color:var(--text);line-height:1.1;margin-top:.15rem} .kpi .kval .ku{font-size:.72rem;color:var(--accent);margin-left:.15rem} .kpi .spark{margin-top:.35rem;height:26px} .kpi.hl{border-color:var(--accent-bright);box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(234,88,12,.14)} @media(max-width:640px){.kpis{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}} header.site{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:9;background:rgba(255,255,255,.85);backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(18px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-soft)} .navrow{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:1rem;height:56px} .brand{font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.02em;color:var(--text);text-decoration:none;font-size:1.02rem} .nlinks{display:flex;gap:1.1rem;margin-left:auto}.nlinks a{color:var(--text-2);text-decoration:none;font-size:.86rem} .nlinks a:hover{color:var(--accent)} .navcta{background:var(--accent);color:#fff;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700;font-size:.82rem;padding:.5rem 1rem;border-radius:999px} @media(max-width:640px){.nlinks{display:none}} footer.site{margin-top:3rem;padding:2.4rem 0;border-top:1px solid var(--border-soft);background:var(--bg-soft);text-align:center} .fbrand{font-weight:800;color:var(--text);margin-bottom:.4rem} .fclaim{color:var(--text-2);font-size:.9rem;max-width:52ch;margin:0 auto 1rem} .flinks{display:flex;gap:1.2rem;justify-content:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:1rem} .flinks a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none;font-size:.85rem} .fcopy{color:var(--text-3);font-size:.78rem} .wiz-wrap{position:relative;z-index:2;margin:-2.6rem auto 0;max-width:1000px;padding:0 20px 2rem} .wiz{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--border,#fed7aa);border-radius:24px;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.05),0 30px 70px rgba(249,115,22,.10),0 0 0 1px rgba(249,115,22,.03);overflow:hidden} .wiz-steps{display:flex;gap:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border,#fed7aa);background:var(--bg-mute,#fff7ed)} .wiz-steps .st{flex:1;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:.5rem;padding:.85rem .6rem;font-size:.82rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--text-3,#86868b);position:relative;cursor:pointer} .wiz-steps .st .no{width:22px;height:22px;border-radius:999px;background:#e5e0ee;color:#86868b;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:800;flex:0 0 auto} .wiz-steps .st.on{color:var(--accent)} .wiz-steps .st.on .no{background:var(--accent);color:#fff} .wiz-steps .st.done .no{background:#ea580c;color:#fff} .wiz-steps .st.on::after{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:-1px;height:3px;background:var(--accent)} .wiz-steps .st .lbl{display:none} .wiz-steps .st{padding:.8rem .3rem} .wiz-body{padding:1.6rem 1.7rem 1.9rem} .wiz-body{padding:1.2rem 1.1rem 1.5rem} .step-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.05fr .95fr;gap:1.5rem;align-items:center} .step-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1.1rem} .step-img{width:100%;aspect-ratio:4/3;object-fit:cover;border-radius:16px;display:block;box-shadow:0 14px 34px rgba(249,115,22,.14)} .step-kicker{font-size:.76rem;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);font-weight:800;margin:0 0 .5rem} .step-h{font-size:clamp(1.35rem,2.6vw,1.7rem);font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.01em;margin:0 0 .7rem;color:var(--text,#1d1d1f);line-height:1.16} .step-p{font-size:1.02rem;line-height:1.62;color:var(--text-2,#515154);margin:0 0 .8rem} .step-p b{color:var(--text,#1d1d1f)} .chk{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:.4rem 0 0} .chk li{display:flex;gap:.6rem;align-items:flex-start;font-size:.98rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--text-2,#515154);margin:.55rem 0} .chk li .b{flex:0 0 auto;width:22px;height:22px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--accent-dim);color:var(--accent);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-weight:800;font-size:.8rem;margin-top:.05rem} .wiz-nav{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:.8rem;margin-top:1.5rem;flex-wrap:wrap} .wiz-back{background:none;border:0;color:var(--text-3,#86868b);font-weight:700;font-size:.95rem;cursor:pointer;padding:.6rem .2rem} .wiz-back:hover{color:var(--text,#1d1d1f)} .wiz-next{background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--accent),var(--accent-bright));color:#fff;border:0;border-radius:999px;padding:.85rem 1.6rem;font-weight:800;font-size:1rem;cursor:pointer;box-shadow:0 10px 26px rgba(249,115,22,.28);text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.5rem} .wiz-next:hover{transform:translateY(-1px)} .benefit{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fff7f0,#fff);border:1px solid var(--accent-ultra);border-radius:18px;padding:1.3rem 1.4rem;margin:.2rem 0 1.1rem} .benefit h3{margin:0 0 .5rem;font-size:1.2rem;font-weight:800;color:var(--text,#1d1d1f)} .benefit p{margin:0;color:var(--text-2,#515154);line-height:1.6}</style></head><body> <header class="site"><div class="wrap navrow"> <a class="brand" href="/glaesern/">◈ Transparent BHKW</a> <nav class="nlinks"><a href="/glaesern/">All trades</a> <a href="/glaesern/cogeneration/betrieb.html">Operation & Maintenance</a></nav> <a class="navcta" href="#kontakt">Installation check →</a></div></header> <div class="hero-w"><h1>Full-load hours / Operating hours</h1><p>Component assistant · Operation & Maintenance</p> <div class="livebar"><span class="livedot"></span><b id="lcount2">…</b>Live measured values from the plant ·<span id="lts2"> verbinde… </span></div></div> <div class="wiz-wrap"> <div id="steps"> <div class="st" data-s="1"><span class="no">1</span> Comprendre </div> <div class="st" data-s="2"><span class="no">2</span>View live</div> <div class="st" data-s="3"><span class="no">3</span>What the AI does</div> <div class="st" data-s="4"><span class="no">4</span>Your benefit</div> </div> <div id="body"></div> </div> <div class="sec"><h2>Diagram — Process & sensors live</h2><p class="lead">The path through the domain, with the actual measurement points of the installation.</p><svg viewBox="0 0 920 300" style="width:100%;height:auto;background:#fdfcff;border:1px solid #fed7aa;border-radius:16px"><defs><linearGradient id="bx" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1"><stop offset="0" stop-color="#fff"/><stop offset="1" stop-color="#fff7ed"/></linearGradient><marker id="ar" markerWidth="8" markerHeight="8" refX="6" refY="3" orient="auto"><path d="M0,0 L6,3 L0,6 Z" fill="#f97316"/></marker></defs><text x="20" y="30" font-size="14" font-weight="800" fill="#ea580c">Operation & Maintenance — Process diagram</text><text x="20" y="48" font-size="10.5" fill="#86868b">orange = live sensor from the plant · flow from left to right</text><line x1="138" y1="152" x2="268" y2="152" stroke="#f97316" stroke-width="2.5" marker-end="url(#ar)"/><line x1="392" y1="152" x2="522" y2="152" stroke="#f97316" stroke-width="2.5" marker-end="url(#ar)"/><line x1="646" y1="152" x2="776" y2="152" stroke="#f97316" stroke-width="2.5" marker-end="url(#ar)"/><g><rect x="20" y="120" width="118" height="64" rx="12" fill="url(#bx)" stroke="#fdba74" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="79" y="148" text-anchor="middle" font-size="13" font-weight="700" fill="#1d1d1f"> Exigence </text></g><g><rect x="274" y="120" width="118" height="64" rx="12" fill="url(#bx)" stroke="#fdba74" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="333" y="148" text-anchor="middle" font-size="13" font-weight="700" fill="#1d1d1f"> Contrôle </text><text x="333" y="170" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10.5" fill="#86868b">SPS</text></g><g><rect x="528" y="120" width="118" height="64" rx="12" fill="url(#bx)" stroke="#fdba74" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="587" y="148" text-anchor="middle" font-size="13" font-weight="700" fill="#1d1d1f"> Modulation </text><text x="587" y="170" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10.5" fill="#86868b">Partial load</text></g><g><rect x="782" y="120" width="118" height="64" rx="12" fill="url(#bx)" stroke="#fdba74" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="841" y="148" text-anchor="middle" font-size="13" font-weight="700" fill="#1d1d1f"> Exploitation </text></g><line x1="587" y1="120" x2="587" y2="88" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="3 2"/><circle cx="587" cy="120" r="3.5" fill="#ea580c"/><g transform="translate(587,58)"><rect x="-52" y="0" width="104" height="30" rx="8" fill="#fff" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1"/><text x="0" y="12" text-anchor="middle" font-size="8.5" fill="#86868b"> Consigne </text><text x="0" y="25" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#ea580c" class="svlive" data-k="sbhkw2_rsollleist" data-u="kW">…</text></g><line x1="841" y1="120" x2="787" y2="88" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="3 2"/><circle cx="841" cy="120" r="3.5" fill="#ea580c"/><g transform="translate(787,58)"><rect x="-52" y="0" width="104" height="30" rx="8" fill="#fff" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1"/><text x="0" y="12" text-anchor="middle" font-size="8.5" fill="#86868b"> Bh </text><text x="0" y="25" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#ea580c" class="svlive" data-k="sbhkw2_udibetriebstd" data-u="h">…</text></g><line x1="841" y1="120" x2="895" y2="88" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="3 2"/><circle cx="841" cy="120" r="3.5" fill="#ea580c"/><g transform="translate(895,58)"><rect x="-52" y="0" width="104" height="30" rx="8" fill="#fff" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1"/><text x="0" y="12" text-anchor="middle" font-size="8.5" fill="#86868b"> Démarrages </text><text x="0" y="25" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#ea580c" class="svlive" data-k="sbhkw2_udistartzaehler" data-u="">…</text></g></svg></div> <div class="sec"><div class="block"><h3>Thus we connect — read-only</h3><p class="step-p">The value comes from<b>Modbus TCP · Plant PLC · M-Bus (meters)</b>from the plant —<b>read, not controlled</b>. Everything is<b>in-house</b>calculated, nothing leaves the house. No obligation to disclose operating data.</p></div><div class="block"><h3>Your own LLM for CHP — offline</h3><p class="step-p">Questions in plain language, answered by<b>Your own installation data</b>— local, no cloud. The AI runs internally; the installation remains yours.</p></div><div class="note"><b>Regulatory framework:</b>NF ISO 8528 (generator sets) · VDMA 3527 (Availability)</div><div class="block"><h3>Associated causal chains</h3><p class="step-p">This component is part of<a href="https://bhkw-anlagen.com/kausalketten.html" style="color:var(--accent)">Installation causal chains</a>— from cause to effect (gas quality → engine → exhaust gas → heat → efficiency). The AI reads the entire chain, not just the individual value.</p></div><div class="block"><h3>Link with the entire installation</h3><p class="step-p">A CHP unit is never alone: electricity, heat and gas are linked, and with PV and battery storage, it becomes a system. The AI calculates the entire installation.</p><div style="display:flex;gap:.6rem;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:.6rem"><a href="/glaesern/cogeneration/" style="font-size:.85rem;padding:.4rem .9rem;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:999px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent)">BESS transparent →</a><a href="/glaesern/hotel/" style="font-size:.85rem;padding:.4rem .9rem;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:999px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent)">Gläsernes Hotel →</a><a href="/fr/pv-watcher/" style="font-size:.85rem;padding:.4rem .9rem;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:999px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent)">PV-Watcher →</a></div></div></div><div class="sec faqsec"><h2>Frequently asked questions</h2><details><summary>What is the difference between operating hours and full load hours?</summary><div class="faq-a">Operating hours count every period of activity of the CHP unit, while full load hours only count the time during which the system operates under a high load.</div></details><details><summary>Why are operating hours important for service?</summary><div class="faq-a">They serve as a direct indicator of wear and determine the intervals for oil changes (2,000 h) and spark plugs (4,000 h).</div></details><details><summary>From when must a major service be performed?</summary><div class="faq-a">A major service is generally required after 8,000 operating hours or upon reaching specific maintenance cycles.</div></details><details><summary>Why are many cold starts harmful to the CHP unit?</summary><div class="faq-a">More than three starts per day significantly increase the mechanical and thermal wear of the components.</div></details><details><summary>How are KWK surcharges calculated?</summary><div class="faq-a">Billing is based on the documented operating hours of the CHP unit as proof of actual use.</div></details><details><summary>What is the value of a current reading such as 30,624 hours?</summary><div class="faq-a">This value indicates the cumulative operating time and serves as a reference point for the next maintenance planning.</div></details></div> <footer class="site"><div class="wrap"> <div class="fbrand">◈ CHP transparent</div> <p class="fclaim">Connected in read-only mode · local calculation · no cloud. The installation remains with you.</p> <nav class="flinks"><a href="/glaesern/">All trades</a> <a href="/glaesern/cogeneration/betrieb.html">Operation & Maintenance</a> <a href="https://bhkw-anlagen.com/impressum.html">Legal notice</a> <a href="https://bhkw-anlagen.com/datenschutz.html">Data protection</a></nav> <div class="fcopy">© 2026 HR Energiemanagement GmbH · 32257 Bünde · +49 5223 4921030</div> </div></footer> <script> var state={step:1}; function li(t){return '<li>'+t+'</li>';} function nav(s){var b=s>1?'<button class="wiz-back" onclick="go('+(s-1)+')">← Back</button>':'<span></span>'; var n=s<4?'<button class="wiz-next" onclick="go('+(s+1)+')">Next →</button>':'<button class="wiz-next" onclick="go(1)">From the beginning</button>'; return '<div class="wiz-nav">'+b+n+'</div>';} function step1(){return '<div class="step-grid"><img class="step-img" src="../img/volllaststunden.jpg" alt="Full load hours / Operating hours">'+ '<div><p class="step-kicker">Step 1 · Understand</p><h2 class="step-h">What are full load hours / operating hours?</h2>>'+ '<p class="step-p">Operating hours determine maintenance intervals (oil change 2,000 h, spark plugs 4,000 h, major service 8,000 h) and form the basis for CHP surcharges — more than 3 starts/day increases wear.</p></div></div>'+nav(1);} function step2(){return '<p class="step-kicker">Step 2 · See Live</p><h2 class="step-h">The plant — right now</h2><div class="live-head"><span class="livedot"></span><span class="live-status" id="lstatus"> connecting... </span><span class="live-sub">· anonymous reference plant · read-only from the process control system, calculated in-house</span></div><div class="kpis"><div class="kpi" data-k="sbhkw2_udibetriebstd"><div class="kl">Operating hours</div><div class="kval"><span class="v">…</span><span class="ku">h</span></div><div class="spark"></div></div><div class="kpi" data-k="sbhkw2_udistartzaehler"><div class="kl"> Starts </div><div class="kval"><span class="v">…</span><span class="ku"></span></div><div class="spark"></div></div><div class="kpi" data-k="sbhkw2_rdrehzahl"><div class="kl">Speed</div><div class="kval"><span class="v">…</span><span class="ku">1/min</span></div><div class="spark"></div></div><div class="kpi" data-k="sbhkw2_rsollleist"><div class="kl">Target output</div><div class="kval"><span class="v">…</span><span class="ku">kW</span></div><div class="spark"></div></div></1>'+nav(2);} function step3(){return '<div class="step-grid"><div><p class="step-kicker">Step 3 · What the AI does</p>'+ '<h2 class="step-h">What the AI reads from these values</h2><ul class="chk">'+li('Cumulative operating time for the <b>determination of maintenance intervals</b> (e.g. oil change after 2,000 h)')+li('Monitoring the lifespan of spark plugs (typically at 4,000 h)')+li('Identification of <b>susceptibility to wear</b> due to frequent cold starts (>3 starts/day)')+li('Basis for the billing of CHP supplements and subsidies')+'</ul></div>'+ '<img class="step-img" src="../img/ki-betrieb.jpg" alt="AI monitoring">'+ '<div class="szen szen-grid"><img class="szen-img" src="../img/szen-betrieb.jpg" alt="Scenario" loading="lazy"><div><p class="mon">Monitored: continuous · operating time, cycles, modulation</p>'+ '<p class="step-p"><b>The scenario:</b> if the CHP is cycled too often, wear increases without an alarm, leading to a shorter lifespan and higher maintenance costs.<br>'+ '<b>The AI:</b> detects the unfavorable operating pattern early and suggests a calmer mode of operation. <b>It identifies the trend before the limit value is reached.</b></p></div></div>'+nav(3);} function step4(){return '<p class="step-kicker">Step 4 · Your benefit</p><h2 class="step-h">Why it matters</h2>'+ '<div class="benefit"><h3>Precise monitoring of operating hours prevents unplanned downtime due to material fatigue and ensures compliance with warranty conditions.</h3><p>The data allow for exact planning of the major service (8,000 h) and optimise the lifespan of engine components. Furthermore, they serve as a valid basis for the calculation of CHP surcharges.</p></div>'+ '<div class="calcbox"><p class="step-p">work produced per year (kWh) <input id="c0" type="number" step="any" value="3200000" oninput="r()"> · nominal power (kW) <input id="c1" type="number" step="any" value="400" oninput="r()"> → <b><span id="o" style="color:var(--accent)">—</span> Full load hours/year</b></p>'+ '<p class="mon" style="margin-top:.5rem">Calculation method: work produced ÷ nominal power</p></div>'+nav(4);} function r(){var v=[];for(var i=0;i<2;i++){var e=document.getElementById('c'+i);v.push(e?parseFloat(e.value)||0:0);}'o');if(o)o.textContent=(Math.round(res*100)/100).toLocaleString('de-DE');}'body').innerHTML=state.step===1?step1():state.step===2?step2():state.step===3?step3():step4();'#steps .st').forEach(function(el){var n=+el.getAttribute('data-s');el.classList.toggle('on',n===state.step);el.classList.toggle('done',n<state.step);});'smooth'});} document.querySelectorAll('#steps .st').forEach(function(el){el.style.cursor='pointer';el.onclick=function(){go(+el.getAttribute('data-s'));};});'https://bhkw-anlagen.com/data/sensor-live.json',HURL='https://bhkw-anlagen.com/data/sensor-history.json',LKEY='sbhkw2_udiwirkarbeit',LIVEDATA=null,HISTDATA=null;function fmtAge(a){return a<90?('vor '+a+' s'):('vor '+Math.round(a/60)+' min');}function fmt(v){return (typeof v==='number')?(Math.round(v*100)/100).toLocaleString('de-DE'):v;}function spark(el,ser){if(!ser||!ser.length)return;var nz=ser.filter(function(x){return x!==0;});if(nz.length<2){el.innerHTML='';return;}var mn=Math.min.apply(0,ser),mx=Math.max.apply(0,ser),rg=(mx-mn)||1;var n=ser.length,w=100,h=26,pts=ser.map(function(y,i){return (i/(n-1)*w).toFixed(1)+','+(h-2-(y-mn)/rg*(h-4)).toFixed(1);}).join(' ');el.innerHTML='<svg viewBox=\'0 0 '+w+' '+h+'\' preserveAspectRatio=\'none\' style=\'width:100%;height:100%\'>'+'<polyline fill=\'none\' stroke=\'#f97316\' stroke-width=\'1.5\' points=\''+pts+'\'/></svg>';}window.__fillLive=function(){var d=LIVEDATA;if(!d)return;var c=d.count||Object.keys(d.sensors||{}).length;var e=document.getElementById('lcount2');if(e)e.textContent=c;var e2=document.getElementById('lcount');if(e2)e2.textContent=c;var st=document.getElementById('lstatus');document.querySelectorAll('.kpi[data-k]').forEach(function(card){var k=card.dataset.k;var s=d.sensors&&d.sensors[k];var vel=card.querySelector('.v');if(s&&vel)vel.textContent=fmt(s.v);if(HISTDATA&&HISTDATA.sensors){spark(card.querySelector('.spark'),HISTDATA.sensors[k]);}});document.querySelectorAll('.svlive[data-k]').forEach(function(el){var k=el.dataset.k;var s=d.sensors&&d.sensors[k];if(s)el.textContent=fmt(s.v)+(el.dataset.u?(' '+el.dataset.u):'');});var s0=d.sensors&&d.sensors[LKEY];if(st)st.textContent=(s0?('Anlage läuft · '+fmtAge(s0.age||0)):'Anlage');var t2=document.getElementById('lts2');if(t2)t2.textContent='aktualisiert '+fmtAge((s0&&s0.age)||0);var lv=document.getElementById('lv');if(lv&&s0){lv.textContent=fmt(s0.v)+(s0.u?(' '+s0.u):'');}var ll=document.getElementById('ll');if(ll&&s0)ll.textContent=s0.l||LKEY;var lt=document.getElementById('lts');if(lt&&s0)lt.textContent='Stand '+(s0.ts||'')+' · '+fmtAge(s0.age||0);};function pullLive(){fetch(LURL,{cache:'no-store'}).then(function(r){return r.json();}).then(function(d){LIVEDATA=d;window.__fillLive();}).catch(function(){var t=document.getElementById('lstatus');if(t)t.textContent='Live nicht erreichbar';});}if(HURL){fetch(HURL,{cache:'no-store'}).then(function(r){return r.json();}).then(function(d){HISTDATA=d;window.__fillLive();}).catch(function(){});}pullLive();setInterval(pullLive,30000); </script></body></html>