How does the grid protection protect the CHP against grid disturbances? | Stromfee="description" content="How does the grid protection protect the generator set (CHP) against grid disturbances? The grid protection monitors over/under-voltage (110 % / 85 %) and over/under-frequency (50.2 Hz / 149.8 Hz); in the event of a grid failure, it disconnects the system in less than"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://stromfee-mauritius.ai/en/glaesern/cogeneration/wizards/frage_netzschutz_funktion/"> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "headline": "How does the grid protection protect the CHP against grid disturbances?", "mainEntityOfPage": "/glaesern/cogeneration/wizards/frage_netzschutz_funktion.html", "description": "The grid protection monitors over/undervoltage (110 % / 85 %) and over/underfrequency (50.2 Hz / 49.8 Hz); in case of a power failure, it disconnects the system within 200 ms — preventing island formation and back-feed"}</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [{"@type": "Question", "name": "What is the function of the grid protection in the CHP?", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "The grid protection monitors voltage and frequency and disconnects the CHP from the grid in less than 200 ms if limits are exceeded."}}, {"@type": "Question", "name": "At what point does the grid protection disconnect the CHP?", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "Disconnection occurs in case of undervoltage below 85 % or overvoltage above 110 %, as well as in case of frequency deviations outside the range of 49.8 Hz to 50.2 Hz."}}, {"@type": "Question", "name": "Why is the disconnection time of 200 ms so important?", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "This period of time ensures that the CHP does not create an island formation in the event of a grid failure and avoids interactions with the public grid."}}, {"@type": "Question", "name": "How does the protection protect the CHP equipment?", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "Thanks to immediate disconnection in case of incorrect voltages, the power electronics and the generator windings are protected against electrical surges."}}, {"@type": "Question", "name": "What happens if the grid protection fails?", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "Without functional grid protection, damage to components due to unstable grid parameters and the risk of uncontrolled island formation threaten the installation."}}, {"@type": "Question", "name": "Which measured values are critical for the grid protection?", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "The primary parameters are voltage (V) and frequency (Hz), which ensure the stability of the injection."}}]}</script> <style>:root{--bg:#fdfcff;--bg-soft:#faf8ff;--surface:#fff;--text:#1d1d1f;--text-2:#515154;--text-3:#86868b;--border:#fed7aa;--border-soft:#efeaf8;--accent:#f97316;--accent-bright:#fdba74;--accent-dim:rgba(234,88,12,.08);--emerald:#ea580c;--font:'Inter',-apple-system,sans-serif;--mono:'JetBrains 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.5rem} .step-h{font-size:clamp(1.35rem,2.6vw,1.7rem);font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.01em;margin:0 0 .7rem;color:var(--text,#1d1d1f);line-height:1.16} .step-p{font-size:1.02rem;line-height:1.62;color:var(--text-2,#515154);margin:0 0 .8rem} .step-p b{color:var(--text,#1d1d1f)} .chk{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:.4rem 0 0} .chk li{display:flex;gap:.6rem;align-items:flex-start;font-size:.98rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--text-2,#515154);margin:.55rem 0} .chk li .b{flex:0 0 auto;width:22px;height:22px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--accent-dim);color:var(--accent);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-weight:800;font-size:.8rem;margin-top:.05rem} .wiz-nav{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:.8rem;margin-top:1.5rem;flex-wrap:wrap} .wiz-back{background:none;border:0;color:var(--text-3,#86868b);font-weight:700;font-size:.95rem;cursor:pointer;padding:.6rem .2rem} .wiz-back:hover{color:var(--text,#1d1d1f)} .wiz-next{background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--accent),var(--accent-bright));color:#fff;border:0;border-radius:999px;padding:.85rem 1.6rem;font-weight:800;font-size:1rem;cursor:pointer;box-shadow:0 10px 26px rgba(249,115,22,.28);text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.5rem} .wiz-next:hover{transform:translateY(-1px)} .benefit{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fff7f0,#fff);border:1px solid var(--accent-ultra);border-radius:18px;padding:1.3rem 1.4rem;margin:.2rem 0 1.1rem} .benefit h3{margin:0 0 .5rem;font-size:1.2rem;font-weight:800;color:var(--text,#1d1d1f)} .benefit p{margin:0;color:var(--text-2,#515154);line-height:1.6}</style></head><body> <header class="site"><div class="wrap navrow"> <a class="brand" href="/glaesern/">◈ Transparent CHP</a> <nav class="nlinks"><a href="/glaesern/">All trades</a> <a href="/glaesern/cogeneration/generator.html">Alternator & Grid</a></nav> <a class="navcta" href="#kontakt">Installation check →</a></div></header> <div class="hero-w"><h1>How does the grid protection protect the CHP?</h1><p>Component assistant · Alternator & Grid</p> <div class="livebar"><span class="livedot"></span><b id="lcount2">…</b>Live measured values from the plant ·<span id="lts2"> verbinde… </span></div></div> <div class="wiz-wrap"> <div id="steps"> <div class="st" data-s="1"><span class="no">1</span> Comprendre </div> <div class="st" data-s="2"><span class="no">2</span>View live</div> <div class="st" data-s="3"><span class="no">3</span>What the AI does</div> <div class="st" data-s="4"><span class="no">4</span>Your benefit</div> </div> <div id="body"></div> </div> <div class="sec"><h2>Diagram — Process & sensors live</h2><p class="lead">The path through the domain, with the actual measurement points of the installation.</p><svg viewBox="0 0 920 300" style="width:100%;height:auto;background:#fdfcff;border:1px solid #fed7aa;border-radius:16px"><defs><linearGradient id="bx" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1"><stop offset="0" 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stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="841" y="148" text-anchor="middle" font-size="13" font-weight="700" fill="#1d1d1f"> Réseau </text><text x="841" y="170" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10.5" fill="#86868b"> Injection </text></g><line x1="270" y1="120" x2="216" y2="88" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="3 2"/><circle cx="270" cy="120" r="3.5" fill="#ea580c"/><g transform="translate(216,58)"><rect x="-52" y="0" width="104" height="30" rx="8" fill="#fff" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1"/><text x="0" y="12" text-anchor="middle" font-size="8.5" fill="#86868b">Active power</text><text x="0" y="25" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#ea580c" class="svlive" data-k="sbhkw2_ristleist" data-u="kW">…</text></g><line x1="270" y1="120" x2="324" y2="88" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="3 2"/><circle cx="270" cy="120" r="3.5" fill="#ea580c"/><g transform="translate(324,58)"><rect x="-52" y="0" width="104" height="30" rx="8" fill="#fff" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1"/><text x="0" y="12" text-anchor="middle" font-size="8.5" fill="#86868b">Reactive power</text><text x="0" y="25" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#ea580c" class="svlive" data-k="sbhkw2_ristblind" data-u="kvar">…</text></g><line x1="460" y1="120" x2="460" y2="88" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="3 2"/><circle cx="460" cy="120" r="3.5" fill="#ea580c"/><g transform="translate(460,58)"><rect x="-52" y="0" width="104" height="30" rx="8" fill="#fff" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1"/><text x="0" y="12" text-anchor="middle" font-size="8.5" fill="#86868b"> Excitation </text><text x="0" y="25" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#ea580c" class="svlive" data-k="sbhkw2_rerregerspg" data-u="V">…</text></g><line x1="650" y1="120" x2="650" y2="88" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="3 2"/><circle cx="650" cy="120" r="3.5" fill="#ea580c"/><g transform="translate(650,58)"><rect x="-52" y="0" width="104" height="30" rx="8" fill="#fff" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1"/><text x="0" y="12" text-anchor="middle" font-size="8.5" fill="#86868b"> Tension </text><text x="0" y="25" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#ea580c" class="svlive" data-k="sbhkw2_rgenspg" data-u="V">…</text></g><line x1="841" y1="120" x2="841" y2="88" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="3 2"/><circle cx="841" cy="120" r="3.5" fill="#ea580c"/><g transform="translate(841,58)"><rect x="-52" y="0" width="104" height="30" rx="8" fill="#fff" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1"/><text x="0" y="12" text-anchor="middle" font-size="8.5" fill="#86868b"> Fréquence </text><text x="0" y="25" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#ea580c" class="svlive" data-k="sbhkw2_rfrequenz" data-u="Hz">…</text></g></svg></div> <div class="sec"><div class="block"><h3>Thus we connect — read-only</h3><p class="step-p">The value comes from<b>Modbus TCP · Plant PLC · M-Bus (meters)</b>of the installation —<b>read, not controlled</b>. Everything is<b>in the house</b>calculated, nothing leaves the house. No obligation to disclose operational data.</p></div><div class="block"><h3>Your own LLM for BHKW — offline</h3><p class="step-p">Questions in common language, answered by<b>Your own installation data</b>— local, no cloud. The AI runs internally; the installation remains yours.</p></div><div class="note"><b>Regulatory framework:</b>IEC 60364 / CEB standards / LV connection by CEB / 4110 (grid connection) · DIN EN 60034 (alternator)</div><div class="block"><h3>Associated causal chains</h3><p class="step-p">This component is part of<a href="https://bhkw-anlagen.com/kausalketten.html" style="color:var(--accent)">Installation causal chains</a>— from cause to effect (gas quality → engine → exhaust gas → heat → efficiency). The AI reads the entire chain, not just the individual value.</p></div><div class="block"><h3>Link with the entire installation</h3><p class="step-p">A BHKW is never alone: electricity, heat and gas are linked, and with PV and battery storage, it becomes a system. The AI calculates the entire installation.</p><div style="display:flex;gap:.6rem;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:.6rem"><a href="/glaesern/cogeneration/" style="font-size:.85rem;padding:.4rem .9rem;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:999px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent)">BESS transparent →</a><a href="/glaesern/hotel/" style="font-size:.85rem;padding:.4rem .9rem;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:999px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent)">Gläsernes Hotel →</a><a href="/fr/pv-watcher/" style="font-size:.85rem;padding:.4rem .9rem;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:999px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent)">PV-Watcher →</a></div></div></div><div class="sec faqsec"><h2>Frequently Asked Questions</h2><details><summary>What is the function of grid protection in the BHKW?</summary><div class="faq-a">Grid protection monitors voltage and frequency and disconnects the BHKW from the grid in less than 200 ms in case of exceeding limits.</div></details><details><summary>From what point does the grid protection disconnect the BHKW?</summary><div class="faq-a">Disconnection occurs in case of undervoltage below 85% or overvoltage above 110%, as well as in case of frequency deviations outside the range of 49.8 Hz to 50.2 Hz.</div></details><details><summary>Why is the disconnection time of 200 ms so important?</summary><div class="faq-a">This period of time ensures that the BHKW does not create an island formation in case of a grid failure and avoids interactions with the public grid.</div></details><details><summary>How does the protection protect the BHKW equipment?</summary><div class="faq-a">Thanks to immediate disconnection in case of incorrect voltages, the power electronics and the generator windings are protected against electrical overvoltages.</div></details><details><summary>What happens if the grid protection fails?</summary><div class="faq-a">Without a functioning grid protection, damage to components due to unstable grid parameters and the risk of an uncontrolled island formation threaten the installation.</div></details><details><summary>Which measured values are critical for grid protection?</summary><div class="faq-a">The primary parameters are voltage (V) and frequency (Hz), which ensure injection stability.</div></details></div> <footer class="site"><div class="wrap"> <div class="fbrand">◈ BHKW transparent</div> <p class="fclaim">Connected in read-only mode · local calculation · no cloud. The installation remains at your site.</p> <nav class="flinks"><a href="/glaesern/">All trades</a> <a href="/glaesern/cogeneration/generator.html">Alternator & Grid</a> <a href="https://bhkw-anlagen.com/impressum.html">Legal notice</a> <a href="https://bhkw-anlagen.com/datenschutz.html">Data protection</a></nav> <div class="fcopy">© 2026 HR Energiemanagement GmbH · 32257 Bünde · +49 5223 4921030</div> </div></footer> <script> var state={step:1}; function li(t){return '<li>'+t+'</li>';} function nav(s){var b=s>1?'<button class="wiz-back" onclick="go('+(s-1)+')">← Back</button>':'<span></span>'; var n=s<4?'<button class="wiz-next" onclick="go('+(s+1)+')">Next →</button>':'<button class="wiz-next" onclick="go(1)">From the beginning</button>'; return '<div class="wiz-nav">'+b+n+'</div>';} function step1(){return '<div class="step-grid"><img class="step-img" src="../img/frage_netzschutz_funktion.jpg" alt="How does network protection protect the CHP unit?">'+ '<div><p class="step-kicker">Step 1 · Understanding</p><h2 class="step-h">What is "How does network protection protect the CHP unit?"</h2>'+ '<p class="step-p">The network protection monitors over/under-voltage (110% / 85%) and over/under-frequency (50.2 Hz / 49.8 Hz); in the event of a grid failure, it disconnects the system within 200 ms — preventing island formation and feedback to the grid.</p></div></div>'+nav(1);} function step2(){return '<p class="step-kicker">Step 2 · See live</p><h2 class="step-h">The plant — right now</h2><div class="live-head"><span class="livedot"></span><span class="live-status" id="lstatus"> connecting... </span><span class="live-sub">· anonymous reference plant · read-only from the process control system, calculated in-house</span></div><div class="kpis"><div class="kpi hl" data-k="sbhkw2_ristleist"><div class="kl">Active power</div><div class="kval"><span class="v">…</span><span class="ku">kW</span></div><div class="spark"></div></div><div class="kpi" data-k="sbhkw2_ristblind"><div class="kl">Reactive power</div><div class="kval"><span class="v">…</span><span class="ku">kvar</span></div><div class="spark"></div></div><div class="kpi" data-k="sbhkw2_ristschein"><div class="kl">Apparent power</div><div class="kval"><span class="v">…</span><span class="ku">kVA</span></div><div class="spark"></div></div><div class="kpi" data-k="sbhkw2_rcosphi"><div class="kl">cos φ</div><div class="kval"><span class="v">…</span><span class="ku"></span></div><div class="spark"></div></div><div class="kpi" data-k="sbhkw2_rgenspg"><div class="kl">Gen. voltage</div><div class="kval"><span class="v">…</span><span class="ku">V</span></div><div class="spark"></div></div><div class="kpi" data-k="sbhkw2_rfrequenz"><div class="kl"> Frequency </div><div class="kval"><span class="v">…</span><span class="ku">Hz</span></div><div class="spark"></div></div></div><p class="step-p" style="margin-top:1rem">Excerpt from <b id="lcount">…</b> measured values of the plant. For the detailed <a href="https://bhkw-anlagen.com/erklaervideo/frage_netzschutz_funktion.html" style="color:var(--accent)">explanation page with video →</a></p>'+nav(2);} function step3(){return '<div class="step-grid"><div><p class="step-kicker">Step 3 · What the AI does</p>'+ '<h2 class="step-h">What the AI reads from these values</h2><ul class="chk">'+li('Over/under-voltage (limits: 105% / 85%) as an indicator of <b>grid instability</>')+li('Frequency deviations (range: 49.8 Hz to 50.2 Hz) for the detection of <b>load fluctuations</>')+li('Short-circuit detection to prevent <b>equipment damage</>')+li('Monitoring of island formation to ensure <b>operational safety</>')+'</ul></div>'+ '<img class="step-img" src="../img/ki-generator.jpg" alt="AI monitoring">15| <div class="szen_grid"><img class="szen-img" src="../img/szen-generator.jpg" alt="Scenario" loading="lazy"><div><p class="mon">Monitoring: in progress · Active/reactive power/temperature</p>'+ '<div class="szen szen-grid"><img class="szen-img" src="../img/szen-generator.jpg" alt="Szenario" loading="lazy"><div><p class="mon">Surveillance : en cours · Puissance active/réactive/température</p>'+ '<p class="step-p"><b>The scenario:</b> a drifting excitation changes the cos φ, without critical thresholds, reactive power costs or grid problems being triggered.<br>'+ '<b>The AI:</b> detects the shift in relation early and reports it before the protection reacts. <b>It identifies the trend before the limit is reached.</b></p></div></div>'+nav(3);} function step4(){return '<p class="step-kicker">Step 4 · Your benefit</p><h2 class="step-h">Why this is important</h2>'+ '<div class="benefit"><h3>Precise network protection prevents irreversible damage to the CHP components by disconnecting within 200 ms in the event of a grid failure and ensures operating permits.</h3><p>Automatic decoupling protects the windings from overheating due to voltage spikes. Furthermore, it prevents the CHP unit from feeding power into the grid uncontrollably (island formation), ensuring safety for technicians and infrastructure.</p></div>'+ '<div class="calcbox"><p class="step-p">Active power (kW) <input id="c0" type="number" step="any" value="400" oninput="r()"> · Reactive power (kvar) <input id="c1" type="number" step="any" value="190" oninput="r()"> → <b><span id="o" style="color:var(--accent)">—</span> kVA apparent power</b></p>'+ '<p class="mon" style="margin-top:.5rem">Calculation method: √(Active power² + Reactive power²)</p></div>'+nav(4);} function r(){var v=[];for(var i=0;i<2;i++){var e=document.getElementById('c'+i);v.push(e?parseFloat(e.value)||0:0);}'o');if(o)o.textContent=(Math.round(res*100)/100).toLocaleString('de-DE');}'body').innerHTML=state.step===1?step1():state.step===2?step2():state.step===3?step3():step4();'#steps .st').forEach(function(el){var n=+el.getAttribute('data-s');el.classList.toggle('on',n===state.step);el.classList.toggle('done',n<state.step);});'smooth'});} document.querySelectorAll('#steps .st').forEach(function(el){el.style.cursor='pointer';el.onclick=function(){go(+el.getAttribute('data-s'));};});'https://bhkw-anlagen.com/data/sensor-live.json',HURL='https://bhkw-anlagen.com/data/sensor-history.json',LKEY='sbhkw2_ristleist',LIVEDATA=null,HISTDATA=null;function fmtAge(a){return a<90?('vor '+a+' s'):('vor '+Math.round(a/60)+' min');}function fmt(v){return (typeof v==='number')?(Math.round(v*100)/100).toLocaleString('de-DE'):v;}function spark(el,ser){if(!ser||!ser.length)return;var nz=ser.filter(function(x){return x!==0;});if(nz.length<2){el.innerHTML='';return;}var mn=Math.min.apply(0,ser),mx=Math.max.apply(0,ser),rg=(mx-mn)||1;var n=ser.length,w=100,h=26,pts=ser.map(function(y,i){return (i/(n-1)*w).toFixed(1)+','+(h-2-(y-mn)/rg*(h-4)).toFixed(1);}).join(' ');el.innerHTML='<svg viewBox=\'0 0 '+w+' '+h+'\' preserveAspectRatio=\'none\' style=\'width:100%;height:100%\'>'+'<polyline fill=\'none\' stroke=\'#f97316\' stroke-width=\'1.5\' points=\''+pts+'\'/></svg>';}window.__fillLive=function(){var d=LIVEDATA;if(!d)return;var c=d.count||Object.keys(d.sensors||{}).length;var e=document.getElementById('lcount2');if(e)e.textContent=c;var e2=document.getElementById('lcount');if(e2)e2.textContent=c;var st=document.getElementById('lstatus');document.querySelectorAll('.kpi[data-k]').forEach(function(card){var k=card.dataset.k;var s=d.sensors&&d.sensors[k];var vel=card.querySelector('.v');if(s&&vel)vel.textContent=fmt(s.v);if(HISTDATA&&HISTDATA.sensors){spark(card.querySelector('.spark'),HISTDATA.sensors[k]);}});document.querySelectorAll('.svlive[data-k]').forEach(function(el){var k=el.dataset.k;var s=d.sensors&&d.sensors[k];if(s)el.textContent=fmt(s.v)+(el.dataset.u?(' '+el.dataset.u):'');});var s0=d.sensors&&d.sensors[LKEY];if(st)st.textContent=(s0?('Anlage läuft · '+fmtAge(s0.age||0)):'Anlage');var t2=document.getElementById('lts2');if(t2)t2.textContent='aktualisiert '+fmtAge((s0&&s0.age)||0);var lv=document.getElementById('lv');if(lv&&s0){lv.textContent=fmt(s0.v)+(s0.u?(' '+s0.u):'');}var ll=document.getElementById('ll');if(ll&&s0)ll.textContent=s0.l||LKEY;var lt=document.getElementById('lts');if(lt&&s0)lt.textContent='Stand '+(s0.ts||'')+' · '+fmtAge(s0.age||0);};function pullLive(){fetch(LURL,{cache:'no-store'}).then(function(r){return r.json();}).then(function(d){LIVEDATA=d;window.__fillLive();}).catch(function(){var t=document.getElementById('lstatus');if(t)t.textContent='Live nicht erreichbar';});}if(HURL){fetch(HURL,{cache:'no-store'}).then(function(r){return r.json();}).then(function(d){HISTDATA=d;window.__fillLive();}).catch(function(){});}pullLive();setInterval(pullLive,30000); </script></body></html>