Interpreting excitation and AVR values of the BHKW | Stromfeeitle> <meta name="description" content="Interpreting excitation and AVR values of the BHKW The AVR keeps the alternator voltage constant at 400 V (±5 %); typical excitation voltage 40–60 V — deviations indicate regulator or winding faults"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://stromfee-mauritius.ai/en/glaesern/cogeneration/wizards/avr_erregung/"> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "headline": "Interpreting excitation and AVR values of the BHKW", "mainEntityOfPage": "/glaesern/cogeneration/wizards/avr_erregung.html", "description": "The AVR keeps the generator voltage constant at 400 V (±5 %); excitation voltage typically 40–60 V — deviations indicate controller or winding errors."}</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [{"@type": "Question", "name": "What is the function of the AVR in the BHKW?", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "The AVR automatically regulates the excitation voltage so that the alternator output voltage remains constant at 400 V."}}, {"@type": "Question", "name": "What values are typical for the excitation voltage?", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "A typical excitation voltage is between 40 and 60 V; deviations from this range indicate regulation or winding problems."}}, {"@type": "Question", "name": "Why is a stable voltage important?", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "Fluctuations lead to load adjustment problems and can damage winding insulation due to voltage spikes."}}, {"@type": "Question", "name": "At what point does the excitation voltage indicate an error?", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "Significant deviations from the setpoint value or unstable behavior of the excitation voltage signal faults in the AVR or short circuits in the winding."}}, {"@type": "Question", "name": "How is the Baseline for the BHKW determined?", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "The Baseline is defined by measuring the excitation voltage under different load states with a stable output voltage."}}, {"@type": "Question", "name": "Why is monitoring the excitation important?", "acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer", "text": "It serves as an early warning system to detect winding wear or control malfunctions before a failure occurs."}}]}</script> <style>:root{--bg:#fdfcff;--bg-soft:#faf8ff;--surface:#fff;--text:#1d1d1f;--text-2:#515154;--text-3:#86868b;--border:#fed7aa;--border-soft:#efeaf8;--accent:#f97316;--accent-bright:#fdba74;--accent-dim:rgba(234,88,12,.08);--emerald:#ea580c;--font:'Inter',-apple-system,sans-serif;--mono:'JetBrains Mono',monospace;--radius:16px}*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0} body{background:var(--bg);color:var(--text);font-family:var(--font);line-height:1.6; -webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased} .wrap{max-width:1080px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 24px} 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.benefit{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fff7f0,#fff);border:1px solid var(--accent-ultra);border-radius:18px;padding:1.3rem 1.4rem;margin:.2rem 0 1.1rem} .benefit h3{margin:0 0 .5rem;font-size:1.2rem;font-weight:800;color:var(--text,#1d1d1f)} .benefit p{margin:0;color:var(--text-2,#515154);line-height:1.6}</style></head><body> <header class="site"><div class="wrap navrow"> <a class="brand" href="/glaesern/">◈ Transparent BHKW</a> <nav class="nlinks"><a href="/glaesern/">All trades</a> <a href="/glaesern/cogeneration/generator.html">Alternator & Grid</a></nav> <a class="navcta" href="#kontakt">Installation check →</a></div></header> <div class="hero-w"><h1>Excitation / AVR</h1><p>Component assistant · Alternator & Grid</p> <div class="livebar"><span class="livedot"></span><b id="lcount2">…</b>Live values from the plant ·<span id="lts2"> verbinde… </span></div></div> <div class="wiz-wrap"> <div id="steps"> <div class="st" data-s="1"><span class="no">1</span> Comprendre </div> <div class="st" data-s="2"><span class="no">2</span>View live</div> <div class="st" data-s="3"><span class="no">3</span>What the AI does</div> <div class="st" data-s="4"><span class="no">4</span>Your benefit</div> </div> <div id="body"></div> </div> <div class="sec"><h2>Diagram — Process & sensors live</h2><p class="lead">The path through the domain, with the actual measurement points of the installation.</p><svg viewBox="0 0 920 300" style="width:100%;height:auto;background:#fdfcff;border:1px solid #fed7aa;border-radius:16px"><defs><linearGradient id="bx" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1"><stop offset="0" stop-color="#fff"/><stop offset="1" stop-color="#fff7ed"/></linearGradient><marker id="ar" markerWidth="8" markerHeight="8" refX="6" refY="3" orient="auto"><path d="M0,0 L6,3 L0,6 Z" fill="#f97316"/></marker></defs><text x="20" y="30" font-size="14" font-weight="800" fill="#ea580c">Alternator & Grid — Process diagram</text><text x="20" y="48" font-size="10.5" fill="#86868b">orange = live sensor of the plant · flow from left to right</text><line x1="138" y1="152" x2="204" y2="152" stroke="#f97316" stroke-width="2.5" marker-end="url(#ar)"/><line x1="328" y1="152" x2="395" y2="152" stroke="#f97316" stroke-width="2.5" marker-end="url(#ar)"/><line x1="519" y1="152" x2="586" y2="152" stroke="#f97316" stroke-width="2.5" marker-end="url(#ar)"/><line x1="710" y1="152" x2="776" y2="152" stroke="#f97316" stroke-width="2.5" marker-end="url(#ar)"/><g><rect x="20" y="120" width="118" height="64" rx="12" fill="url(#bx)" stroke="#fdba74" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="79" y="148" text-anchor="middle" font-size="13" font-weight="700" fill="#1d1d1f"> Motor </text><text x="79" y="170" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10.5" fill="#86868b"> Couple </text></g><g><rect x="210" y="120" width="118" height="64" rx="12" fill="url(#bx)" stroke="#fdba74" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="270" y="148" text-anchor="middle" font-size="13" font-weight="700" fill="#1d1d1f"><tspan x="270" dy="-4"></tspan><tspan x="270" dy="14">Synchronous alternator</tspan></text></g><g><rect x="401" y="120" width="118" height="64" rx="12" fill="url(#bx)" stroke="#fdba74" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="460" y="148" text-anchor="middle" font-size="13" font-weight="700" fill="#1d1d1f"> Excitation/AVR </text></g><g><rect x="592" y="120" width="118" height="64" rx="12" fill="url(#bx)" stroke="#fdba74" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="650" y="148" text-anchor="middle" font-size="13" font-weight="700" fill="#1d1d1f"> Transformateur </text></g><g><rect x="782" y="120" width="118" height="64" rx="12" fill="url(#bx)" stroke="#fdba74" stroke-width="1.5"/><text x="841" y="148" text-anchor="middle" font-size="13" font-weight="700" fill="#1d1d1f"> Réseau </text><text x="841" y="170" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10.5" fill="#86868b"> Injection </text></g><line x1="270" y1="120" x2="216" y2="88" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="3 2"/><circle cx="270" cy="120" r="3.5" fill="#ea580c"/><g transform="translate(216,58)"><rect x="-52" y="0" width="104" height="30" rx="8" fill="#fff" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1"/><text x="0" y="12" text-anchor="middle" font-size="8.5" fill="#86868b">Active power</text><text x="0" y="25" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#ea580c" class="svlive" data-k="sbhkw2_ristleist" data-u="kW">…</text></g><line x1="270" y1="120" x2="324" y2="88" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="3 2"/><circle cx="270" cy="120" r="3.5" fill="#ea580c"/><g transform="translate(324,58)"><rect x="-52" y="0" width="104" height="30" rx="8" fill="#fff" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1"/><text x="0" y="12" text-anchor="middle" font-size="8.5" fill="#86868b">Reactive power</text><text x="0" y="25" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#ea580c" class="svlive" data-k="sbhkw2_ristblind" data-u="kvar">…</text></g><line x1="460" y1="120" x2="460" y2="88" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="3 2"/><circle cx="460" cy="120" r="3.5" fill="#ea580c"/><g transform="translate(460,58)"><rect x="-52" y="0" width="104" height="30" rx="8" fill="#fff" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1"/><text x="0" y="12" text-anchor="middle" font-size="8.5" fill="#86868b"> Excitation </text><text x="0" y="25" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#ea580c" class="svlive" data-k="sbhkw2_rerregerspg" data-u="V">…</text></g><line x1="650" y1="120" x2="650" y2="88" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="3 2"/><circle cx="650" cy="120" r="3.5" fill="#ea580c"/><g transform="translate(650,58)"><rect x="-52" y="0" width="104" height="30" rx="8" fill="#fff" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1"/><text x="0" y="12" text-anchor="middle" font-size="8.5" fill="#86868b"> Tension </text><text x="0" y="25" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#ea580c" class="svlive" data-k="sbhkw2_rgenspg" data-u="V">…</text></g><line x1="841" y1="120" x2="841" y2="88" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="3 2"/><circle cx="841" cy="120" r="3.5" fill="#ea580c"/><g transform="translate(841,58)"><rect x="-52" y="0" width="104" height="30" rx="8" fill="#fff" stroke="#ea580c" stroke-width="1"/><text x="0" y="12" text-anchor="middle" font-size="8.5" fill="#86868b"> Fréquence </text><text x="0" y="25" text-anchor="middle" font-size="12" font-weight="700" fill="#ea580c" class="svlive" data-k="sbhkw2_rfrequenz" data-u="Hz">…</text></g></svg></div> <div class="sec"><div class="block"><h3>Thus we connect — read only</h3><p class="step-p">The value comes from<b>Modbus TCP · Plant PLC · M-Bus (meters)</b>of the plant —<b>read, not checked</b>. Everything is<b>in the house</b>calculated, nothing leaves the house. No obligation to disclose operating data.</p></div><div class="block"><h3>Your own LLM for CHP — offline</h3><p class="step-p">Questions in plain language, answered by<b>Your own installation data</b>— local, no cloud. The AI runs internally; the installation remains yours.</p></div><div class="note"><b>Regulatory framework:</b>IEC 60364 / CEB standards / LV connection by CEB / 4110 (grid connection) · DIN EN 60034 (alternator)</div><div class="block"><h3>Associated causal chains</h3><p class="step-p">This component is part of<a href="https://bhkw-anlagen.com/kausalketten.html" style="color:var(--accent)">Installation causal chains</a>— from cause to effect (gas quality → engine → exhaust gas → heat → efficiency). The AI reads the entire chain, not just the individual value.</p></div><div class="block"><h3>Link with the entire installation</h3><p class="step-p">A CHP unit is never alone: electricity, heat and gas are linked, and with PV and battery storage, it becomes a system. The AI calculates the entire installation.</p><div style="display:flex;gap:.6rem;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:.6rem"><a href="/glaesern/cogeneration/" style="font-size:.85rem;padding:.4rem .9rem;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:999px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent)">BESS transparent →</a><a href="/glaesern/hotel/" style="font-size:.85rem;padding:.4rem .9rem;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:999px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent)">Gläsernes Hotel →</a><a href="/fr/pv-watcher/" style="font-size:.85rem;padding:.4rem .9rem;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:999px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent)">PV-Watcher →</a></div></div></div><div class="sec faqsec"><h2>Frequently asked questions</h2><details><summary>What is the function of the AVR in the CHP?</summary><div class="faq-a">The AVR automatically regulates the excitation voltage so that the alternator's output voltage remains constant at 400 V.</div></details><details><summary>What values are typical for the excitation voltage?</summary><div class="faq-a">A typical excitation voltage is between 40 and 60 V; deviations from this range indicate regulation or winding problems.</div></details><details><summary>Why is a stable voltage important?</summary><div class="faq-a">Fluctuations lead to load adjustment issues and can damage the insulation of the windings due to voltage spikes.</div></details><details><summary>From what point does the excitation voltage indicate an error?</summary><div class="faq-a">Significant deviations from the setpoint value or unstable fluctuations in the excitation voltage signal faults in the AVR or short circuits in the winding.</div></details><details><summary>How is the Baseline for the CHP determined?</summary><div class="faq-a">The Baseline is defined by measuring the excitation voltage under different load states with a stable output voltage.</div></details><details><summary>Why is monitoring the excitation important?</summary><div class="faq-a">It serves as an early warning system to detect winding wear or control malfunctions before a failure occurs.</div></details></div> <footer class="site"><div class="wrap"> <div class="fbrand">◈ CHP transparent</div> <p class="fclaim">Connected in read-only mode · local calculation · no cloud. The installation remains with you.</p> <nav class="flinks"><a href="/glaesern/">All trades</a> <a href="/glaesern/cogeneration/generator.html">Alternator & Grid</a> <a href="https://bhkw-anlagen.com/impressum.html">Legal notice</a> <a href="https://bhkw-anlagen.com/datenschutz.html">Data protection</a></nav> <div class="fcopy">© 2026 HR Energiemanagement GmbH · 32257 Bünde · +49 5223 4921030</div> </div></footer> <script> var state={step:1}; function li(t){return '<li>'+t+'</li>';} function nav(s){var b=s>1?'<button class="wiz-back" onclick="go('+(s-1)+')">← Back</button>':'<span></span>'; var n=s<4?'<button class="wiz-next" onclick="go('+(s+1)+')">Next →</button>':'<button class="wiz-next" onclick="go(1)">From the beginning</button>'; return '<div class="wiz-nav">'+b+n+'</div>';} function step1(){return '<div class="step-grid"><img class="step-img" src="../img/avr_erregung.jpg" alt="Excitation / AVR">'+ '<div><p class="step-kicker">Step 1 · Understand</p><h2 class="step-h">What is excitation / AVR?</h2>'+ '<p class="step-p">The AVR keeps the generator voltage constant at 400 V (±5 %); excitation voltage typically 40–60 V — deviations indicate controller or winding faults.</p></1></div></div>'+nav(1);} function step2(){return '<p class="step-kicker">Step 2 · See live</p><h2 class="step-h">The plant — right now</h2><div class="live-head"><span class="livedot"></span><span class="live-status" id="lstatus"> connecting... </span><span class="live-sub">· anonymous reference plant · read-only from the process control system, calculated locally</span></div><div class="kpis"><div class="kpi" data-k="sbhkw2_ristleist"><div class="kl">Active power</div><div class="kval"><span class="v">…</span><span class="ku">kW</span></div><div class="spark"></div></div><div class="kpi" data-k="sbhkw2_ristblind"><div class="kl">Reactive power</div><div class="kval"><span class="v">…</span><span class="ku">kvar</span></div><div class="spark"></div></div><div class="kpi" data-k="sbhkw2_ristschein"><div class="kl">Apparent power</div><div class="kval"><span class="v">…</span><span class="ku">kVA</span></div><div class="spark"></div></div><div class="kpi" data-k="sbhkw2_rcosphi"><div class="kl">cos φ</div><div class="kval"><span class="v">…</span><span class="ku"></span></div><div class="spark"></div></div><div class="kpi" data-k="sbhkw2_rgenspg"><div class="kl">Gen. voltage</div><div class="kval"><span class="v">…</span><span class="ku">V</span></div><div class="spark"></div></div><div class="kpi" data-k="sbhkw2_rfrequenz"><div class="kl"> Frequency </div><div class="kval"><span class="v">…</span><span class="ku">Hz</span></div><div class="spark"></div></div></div><p class="step-p" style="margin-top:1rem">Excerpt from <b id="lcount">…</b> plant measurements. For the detailed <a href="https://bhkw-anlagen.com/erklaervideo/avr_erregung.html" style="color:var(--accent)">explanation page with video →</a></p>'+nav(2);} function step3(){return '<div class="step-grid"><div><p class="step-kicker">Step 3 · What the AI does</p>'+ '<h2 class="step-h">What the AI reads from these values</h2><ul class="chk">'+li('Deviations from 400 V (±5 %) as an indicator of <b>controller instabilities</b>')+li('Excitation voltage in the range 40–60 V to determine the <b>health of the windings</b>')+li('Trend analysis of the excitation voltage to detect <b>degradation processes</b>')+li('Correlation between load and need for excitation to identify <b>regulation discrepancies</b>')+'</ul></div>'+ '<img class="step-img" src="../img/ki-generator.jpg" alt="AI monitors">15| <div class="szen_grid"><img class="szen-img" src="../img/szen-generator.jpg" alt="Scenario" loading="lazy"><div><p class="mon">Monitoring: in progress · Active/reactive power/temperature</p>'+ '<div class="szen szen-grid"><img class="szen-img" src="../img/szen-generator.jpg" alt="Szenario" loading="lazy"><div><p class="mon">Surveillance : en cours · Puissance active/réactive/température</p>'+ '<p class="step-p"><b>The scenario:</b> a drifting excitation modifies the cos φ, without critical thresholds, reactive power costs or grid problems being triggered.<br>'+ '<b>The AI:</b> detects the shift in relation early and reports it before protection reacts. <b>It identifies the trend before the limit is reached.</b></p></div></div>'+nav(3);} function step4(){return '<p class="step-kicker">Step 4 · Your benefit</p><h2 class="step-h">Why this is important</h2>'+ '<div class="benefit"><h3>Stable voltage control prevents the overheating of windings and ensures the service life of the CHP generator.</h3><p>Early detection of controller errors minimizes unplanned downtime. Stable excitation guarantees a constant power output to the grid.</p></div>'+ '<div class="calcbox"><p class="step-p">Active power (kW) <input id="c0" type="number" step="any" value="400" oninput="r()"> · Reactive power (kvar) <input id="c1" type="number" step="any" value="190" oninput="r()"> → <b><span id="o" style="color:var(--accent)">—</span> kVA apparent power</b></p>'+ '<p class="mon" style="margin-top:.5rem">Calculation method: √(Active power² + Reactive power²)</p></div>'+nav(4);} function r(){var v=[];for(var i=0;i<2;i++){var e=document.getElementById('c'+i);v.push(e?parseFloat(e.value)||0:0);}'o');if(o)o.textContent=(Math.round(res*100)/100).toLocaleString('de-DE');}'body').innerHTML=state.step===1?step1():state.step===2?step2():state.step===3?step3():step4();'#steps .st').forEach(function(el){var n=+el.getAttribute('data-s');el.classList.toggle('on',n===state.step);el.classList.toggle('done',n<state.step);});'smooth'});} document.querySelectorAll('#steps .st').forEach(function(el){el.style.cursor='pointer';el.onclick=function(){go(+el.getAttribute('data-s'));};});'https://bhkw-anlagen.com/data/sensor-live.json',HURL='https://bhkw-anlagen.com/data/sensor-history.json',LKEY='sbhkw2_rerregerspg',LIVEDATA=null,HISTDATA=null;function fmtAge(a){return a<90?('vor '+a+' s'):('vor '+Math.round(a/60)+' min');}function fmt(v){return (typeof v==='number')?(Math.round(v*100)/100).toLocaleString('de-DE'):v;}function spark(el,ser){if(!ser||!ser.length)return;var nz=ser.filter(function(x){return x!==0;});if(nz.length<2){el.innerHTML='';return;}var mn=Math.min.apply(0,ser),mx=Math.max.apply(0,ser),rg=(mx-mn)||1;var n=ser.length,w=100,h=26,pts=ser.map(function(y,i){return (i/(n-1)*w).toFixed(1)+','+(h-2-(y-mn)/rg*(h-4)).toFixed(1);}).join(' ');el.innerHTML='<svg viewBox=\'0 0 '+w+' '+h+'\' preserveAspectRatio=\'none\' style=\'width:100%;height:100%\'>'+'<polyline fill=\'none\' stroke=\'#f97316\' stroke-width=\'1.5\' points=\''+pts+'\'/></svg>';}window.__fillLive=function(){var d=LIVEDATA;if(!d)return;var c=d.count||Object.keys(d.sensors||{}).length;var e=document.getElementById('lcount2');if(e)e.textContent=c;var e2=document.getElementById('lcount');if(e2)e2.textContent=c;var st=document.getElementById('lstatus');document.querySelectorAll('.kpi[data-k]').forEach(function(card){var k=card.dataset.k;var s=d.sensors&&d.sensors[k];var vel=card.querySelector('.v');if(s&&vel)vel.textContent=fmt(s.v);if(HISTDATA&&HISTDATA.sensors){spark(card.querySelector('.spark'),HISTDATA.sensors[k]);}});document.querySelectorAll('.svlive[data-k]').forEach(function(el){var k=el.dataset.k;var s=d.sensors&&d.sensors[k];if(s)el.textContent=fmt(s.v)+(el.dataset.u?(' '+el.dataset.u):'');});var s0=d.sensors&&d.sensors[LKEY];if(st)st.textContent=(s0?('Anlage läuft · '+fmtAge(s0.age||0)):'Anlage');var t2=document.getElementById('lts2');if(t2)t2.textContent='aktualisiert '+fmtAge((s0&&s0.age)||0);var lv=document.getElementById('lv');if(lv&&s0){lv.textContent=fmt(s0.v)+(s0.u?(' '+s0.u):'');}var ll=document.getElementById('ll');if(ll&&s0)ll.textContent=s0.l||LKEY;var lt=document.getElementById('lts');if(lt&&s0)lt.textContent='Stand '+(s0.ts||'')+' · '+fmtAge(s0.age||0);};function pullLive(){fetch(LURL,{cache:'no-store'}).then(function(r){return r.json();}).then(function(d){LIVEDATA=d;window.__fillLive();}).catch(function(){var t=document.getElementById('lstatus');if(t)t.textContent='Live nicht erreichbar';});}if(HURL){fetch(HURL,{cache:'no-store'}).then(function(r){return r.json();}).then(function(d){HISTDATA=d;window.__fillLive();}).catch(function(){});}pullLive();setInterval(pullLive,30000); </script></body></html>